Jacques Perriault, L’accès au savoir en ligne

L’une des premières choses qui frappe à la lecture de L’accès au savoir en ligne, est la dimension internationale des cas analysés par Jacques Perriault. La démarche de l’auteur n’a rien d’ethnocentriste et montre qu’il peut y avoir beaucoup d’enseignements à tirer des approches étrangères. Dans cet ouvrage, l’auteur a régulièrement recours à des chronologies telle l’archéologie de différentes technologies : télévision, radio, minitel. Mais il ne s’agit, en aucun cas, d’une énième relecture d..

Logiciels éducatifs

Les interfaces présentes dans les logiciels éducatifs peuvent avoir un impact important sur le parcours réalisé par l’utilisateur-apprenant. L’observation de l’utilisation de trois produits par des enfants conduit à poser une hypothèse qu’il faudra vérifier : les interfaces des produits induiraient fortement un certain type de parcours. Par la description d’observations pré-exploratoires, nous mettrons en évidence trois sous-hypothèses : un parcours annoncé comme libre qui ne l’est pas, une navigation préconisée par les concepteurs dans les documents d’accompagnement ne correspondant pas aux parcours réels, et une situation de découverte fortement limitée par une interface induisant un certain ordre dans la réalisation des activités.The interfaces at stake in educative softwares can have an important impact on the run realised by the user-learner. The use by children of three products has been studied. The observation leads to question a hypothesis that has to be verified : the products’ interfaces would strongly induce to a certain type of run. With the description of pre-exploratory observations, we bring to the fore three subhypothesis : a run announced as free which is not ; a navigation recommended by the conceiver in the documentation without corresponding to any real run ; and a discovery situation strongly limited by an interface inducing a certain order within the activities realisation

Growing Food Security: The Impact of Community Gardens on Food Security in Denver, Colorado

Community gardens increase mental health, physical health and social inclusiveness and cohesiveness, while directly connecting gardeners to their environment. In some U.S. cities gardens additionally increase community and individual food security by providing fresh food to those who struggle to feed themselves and their families. This study examined the relationship between community gardens and increased food security in Denver, and is one of the first studies of its kind in this location. Specifically, I investigated who participates in community gardens, why they participate, whether gardens are accessible, and whether community gardens have the potential to improve individual and community food security in Denver, Colorado. I gathered behavioral, perceptional, and demographic data from surveys (n=203) and semi-structured interviews (n=14 interviewees). I also used a variance-to-mean ratio and kernel density estimation analysis to analyze the spatial distribution of gardens, and generated walksheds to understand the distribution, walkability, and demographic representativeness of community gardeners compared to residents surrounding gardens. Despite the national and local importance of the issue of food security and hunger reduction, gardeners in my study spoke more about mental and physical health, and social benefits of gardening. Based on their survey responses, I could only classify fourteen respondents as food insecure, which suggests that many gardeners in Denver are food secure. The few food insecure respondents indicated that they truly rely upon the produce and financial savings from their garden to relieve hunger and/or to provide themselves access to affordable food. While most participants in my study were food secure, a low survey respondent sample size relative to the number of community gardeners in Denver possibly excluded some who garden to alleviate food insecurity. Regardless, any populations that lack community gardens might benefit from access to one, or other local food resources. Results from this study can advise Denver\u27s Sustainable Food Policy Council in their suggestions to the city to institutionally assist in food insecurity and hunger reduction efforts

(Re)penser le non-usage des tic

Dans la montée en puissance de l’usage des technologies de l’information et de la communication (tic), les non-usagers constituent plus qu’une anomalie, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit de l’internet. Des études récentes montrent l’existence d’un « effet plateau  », c’est-à-dire d’un net ralentissement de la croissance des internautes depuis 2002 dans les pays développés (Chia, Li, Detenber, Lee, 2006  : 589-609), voire d’une stagnation de la proportion des non-usagers de l’internet d’une anné..

Des usages limités des tic chez des professionnels de l’Éducation et du conseil dans le social

Constatant l’existence d’usages restreints ou de non-usages des tic chez des travailleurs sociaux lors de travaux précédents, les auteurs ont mené une étude qualitative portant sur des professionnels de l’éducation et du conseil dans le social (éducateurs spécialisés, éducateurs de jeunes enfants, conseillers conjugaux et familiaux) pour comprendre les raisons de la limitation de leurs usages des outils informatiques et en particulier de l’internet. Au-delà d’une simple juxtaposition de causes, l’analyse montre comment se construisent certaines interactions entre différents facteurs : besoins, compétences, représentations, valeurs et environnement. Cette approche croisée se révèle heuristique car elle offre de nouvelles clés de compréhension de la complexité des situations d’usage limité ou de non-usage.Noting the existence of restricted uses or non-uses of ICTs in social workers in the frame of previous research, the authors undertook a qualitative study relating to professionals of education and advice in social field (educators for special needs, educators for young children, marital and family advisers) to understand the reasons of uses limitation of computer tools and particularly of the internet. Beyond a simple juxtaposition of causes, analysis shows how certain interactions between various factors are built : needs, skills, representations, values and context. This cross approach appears to be heuristic because it offers new keys of comprehension about complexity of limited use or non-use situations

(Re)Examining the Non-Use of Ict

With the surge in the use of information technology and communication, non-users of ICT can be considered to be more than just a simple anomaly, especially where the Internet is concerned. Recent studies have shown the existence of a 'plateau effect', a slowdown in the growth of Internet users in developed countries since 2002 (Chia, Li, Detenber and Lee, 2006: p. 589-609), and even a stagnation in the proportion of non-Internet users from one year to another (Smith, 2010). While this rate ob..

Oral abstracts 3: RA Treatment and outcomesO13. Validation of jadas in all subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a clinical setting

Background: Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) is a 4 variable composite disease activity (DA) score for JIA (including active 10, 27 or 71 joint count (AJC), physician global (PGA), parent/child global (PGE) and ESR). The validity of JADAS for all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting is unknown. We investigated the construct validity of JADAS in the clinical setting in all subtypes of JIA through application to a prospective inception cohort of UK children presenting with new onset inflammatory arthritis. Methods: JADAS 10, 27 and 71 were determined for all children in the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) with complete data available at baseline. Correlation of JADAS 10, 27 and 71 with single DA markers was determined for all subtypes. All correlations were calculated using Spearman's rank statistic. Results: 262/1238 visits had sufficient data for calculation of JADAS (1028 (83%) AJC, 744 (60%) PGA, 843 (68%) PGE and 459 (37%) ESR). Median age at disease onset was 6.0 years (IQR 2.6-10.4) and 64% were female. Correlation between JADAS 10, 27 and 71 approached 1 for all subtypes. Median JADAS 71 was 5.3 (IQR 2.2-10.1) with a significant difference between median JADAS scores between subtypes (p < 0.01). Correlation of JADAS 71 with each single marker of DA was moderate to high in the total cohort (see Table 1). Overall, correlation with AJC, PGA and PGE was moderate to high and correlation with ESR, limited JC, parental pain and CHAQ was low to moderate in the individual subtypes. Correlation coefficients in the extended oligoarticular, rheumatoid factor negative and enthesitis related subtypes were interpreted with caution in view of low numbers. Conclusions: This study adds to the body of evidence supporting the construct validity of JADAS. JADAS correlates with other measures of DA in all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting. Given the high frequency of missing ESR data, it would be useful to assess the validity of JADAS without inclusion of the ESR. Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Table 1Spearman's correlation between JADAS 71 and single markers DA by ILAR subtype ILAR Subtype Systemic onset JIA Persistent oligo JIA Extended oligo JIA Rheumatoid factor neg JIA Rheumatoid factor pos JIA Enthesitis related JIA Psoriatic JIA Undifferentiated JIA Unknown subtype Total cohort Number of children 23 111 12 57 7 9 19 7 17 262 AJC 0.54 0.67 0.53 0.75 0.53 0.34 0.59 0.81 0.37 0.59 PGA 0.63 0.69 0.25 0.73 0.14 0.05 0.50 0.83 0.56 0.64 PGE 0.51 0.68 0.83 0.61 0.41 0.69 0.71 0.9 0.48 0.61 ESR 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.4 0.6 0.85 0.43 0.7 0.5 0.53 Limited 71 JC 0.29 0.51 0.23 0.37 0.14 -0.12 0.4 0.81 0.45 0.41 Parental pain 0.23 0.62 0.03 0.57 0.41 0.69 0.7 0.79 0.42 0.53 Childhood health assessment questionnaire 0.25 0.57 -0.07 0.36 -0.47 0.84 0.37 0.8 0.66 0.4

Rheumatoid arthritis - treatment: 180. Utility of Body Weight Classified Low-Dose Leflunomide in Japanese Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: In Japan, more than 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients died of interstitial pneumonia (IP) caused by leflunomide (LEF) were reported, but many of them were considered as the victims of opportunistic infection currently. In this paper, efficacy and safety of low-dose LEF classified by body weight (BW) were studied. Methods: Fifty-nine RA patients were started to administrate LEF from July 2007 to July 2009. Among them, 25 patients were excluded because of the combination with tacrolimus, and medication modification within 3 months before LEF. Remaining 34 RA patients administered 20 to 50 mg/week of LEF were followed up for 1 year and enrolled in this study. Dose of LEF was classified by BW (50 mg/week for over 50 kg, 40 mg/week for 40 to 50 kg and 20 to 30 mg/week for under 40 kg). The average age and RA duration of enrolled patients were 55.5 years old and 10.2 years. Prednisolone (PSL), methotrexate (MTX) and etanercept were used in 23, 28 and 2 patients, respectively. In case of insufficient response or adverse effect, dosage change or discontinuance of LEF were considered. Failure was defined as dosages up of PSL and MTX, or dosages down or discontinuance of LEF. Last observation carried forward method was used for the evaluation of failed patients at 1 year. Results: At 1 year after LEF start, good/ moderate/ no response assessed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria using Disease Activity Score, including a 28-joint count (DAS28)-C reactive protein (CRP) were showed in 14/ 10/ 10 patients, respectively. The dosage changes of LEF at 1 year were dosage up: 10, same dosage: 5, dosage down: 8 and discontinuance: 11 patients. The survival rate of patients in this study was 23.5% (24 patients failed) but actual LEF continuous rate was 67.6% (11 patients discontinued) at 1 year. The major reason of failure was liver dysfunction, and pneumocystis pneumonia was occurred in 1 patient resulted in full recovery. One patient died of sepsis caused by decubitus ulcer infection. DAS28-CRP score was decreased from 3.9 to 2.7 significantly. Although CRP was decreased from 1.50 to 0.93 mg/dl, it wasn't significant. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 was decreased from 220.0 to 174.2 ng/ml significantly. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was increased from 19 to 35 U/l and number of leukocyte was decreased from 7832 to 6271 significantly. DAS28-CRP, CRP, and MMP-3 were improved significantly with MTX, although they weren't without MTX. Increase of GPT and leukopenia were seen significantly with MTX, although they weren't without MTX. Conclusions: It was reported that the risks of IP caused by LEF in Japanese RA patients were past IP history, loading dose administration and low BW. Addition of low-dose LEF is a potent safe alternative for the patients showing unsatisfactory response to current medicines, but need to pay attention for liver function and infection caused by leukopenia, especially with MTX. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interes

La médiation par le cédérom "ludo-éducatif" : approche communicationnelle

Not availableAu centre de nombre de réflexions sur l'intégration des nouvelles technologies dans l'enseignement, le cédérom "ludo-educatif" a un statut particulier. En effet, les concepteurs prétendent associer jeu et apprentissage et exploiter les potentialités techniques d'un support qui peut être innovant dans la façon de positionner l'enfant par rapport au savoir. En articulant trois approches (analyse et confrontation des ressources théoriques disponibles et construction d'hypothèses, analyse sémiotique des cédéroms du corpus et analyse des usages par des enfants), la recherche est organisée autour de deux axes. Examiner le cédérom "ludo-educatif" en tant qu'objet, permet de constater que les représentations que les enfants se font des objets ordinateur et cédéroms ont peu d'influence sur leur perception des situations proposées par le support. Leurs critères de ce qu'est une structure ludique sont extrêmement précis et indépendants du discours tenu par les personnages mis en scène dans le produit, mais leur attitude ludique dépend des conditions d'utilisation du cédérom. En tant que support de contenus, le cédérom, grâce en particulier à l'hypertextualité, à la multimodalité et à la dynamicité rend possible des formes inédites d'accès au savoir. Toutefois les produits étudiés ne sont pas toujours aussi innovants que leurs discours d'accompagnement l'annoncent. La recherche montre, d'un côté, l'écart qui existe entre les potentialités d'un support et leur exploitation et, de l'autre, la richesse de certaines situations pédagogiques qui sont le fruit d'une écriture réellement novatrice. La thèse ouvre des perspectives sur le type de contrat de médiation que les utilisateurs d'un cédérom "ludo-educatif" établissent avec le média et sur la manière dont le positionnement de ces derniers doit être pris en compte, de la conception d'un titre à son intégration dans un dispositif de formatio

Usages des cédéroms ludo-éducatifs : quelle réelle liberté de navigation pour les utilisateurs ?

For searchers who work on new technologies, the CD-ROM seems to enable its user to be involved in the building of his progression through the CD-ROM. A study of the children’s use of two edutainment CD-ROMs shows that it is not always true. The studied CD-ROMs on the whole don’t allow the user to choose his own navigation whereas an appropriate conception could further children’s real meta-cognitive processes.Les cédéroms apparaissent aux chercheurs qui travaillent sur les nouvelles technologies comme permettant de faire participer l’utilisateur dans la construction-même de son parcours. Une analyse des usages par des enfants de deux cédéroms ludoéducatifs montre qu’il n’en est pas toujours ainsi. Dans l’ensemble, les cédéroms observés ne permettent pas à l’utilisateur de faire des choix de navigation motivés alors qu’une forme d’écriture adaptée pourrait favoriser une réelle démarche méta-cognitive de la part des enfants.Kellner Catherine. Usages des cédéroms ludo-éducatifs : quelle réelle liberté de navigation pour les utilisateurs ?. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°28, 2001. Nouveaux outils, nouvelles écritures, nouvelles lectures, sous la direction de Annette Beguin. pp. 163-180